Introducing Varna
Varna is certainly a great place to visit for travellers who enjoy going off the beaten track. The city is Bulgaria's maritime capital, and is full of fascinating historical locations and ancient archeological sites, alongside a lively city centre, and breathtaking coastal scenery.
Strolling along its elegant boulevards or exploring the serene pathways of the Sea Garden, a green oasis overlooking the Black Sea are just a couple of ways to enjoy this fascinating city.
Fun Facts About Varna
- Home to the World’s Oldest Gold – The Varna Necropolis, discovered in 1972, contains gold artifacts dating back over 6,000 years, making them the oldest processed gold ever found.
- The First Ever Thracian Written Symbols Were Found Here – Some of the oldest known Thracian inscriptions were discovered near Varna, helping scholars understand this ancient civilization better.
- The Black Sea Near Varna Preserves Shipwrecks Perfectly – Due to the low-oxygen environment in the depths of the Black Sea, ancient shipwrecks are astonishingly well-preserved.
- Varna’s Beaches Have Magnetic Sand – Some beaches near Varna, like those around Kamchia, contain magnetite, a naturally magnetic mineral believed to have healing properties.
- A Place Where the Black Sea Glows – Sometimes, bioluminescent plankton can make the waters around Varna glow with a magical blue-green light in summer.
Top 8 Attractions in Varna
1. Main Pedestrian Zone
The Main Pedestrian Zone of Varna is the heartbeat of the city, with a blend of shops, cafés, and historical landmarks. Stretching from the lively city center to the picturesque Sea Garden, this bustling zone is perfect for those looking to immerse themselves in the local culture while enjoying a leisurely stroll.
As you wander along the pedestrian zone, you’ll be captivated by the eclectic mix of architectural styles that showcase Varna’s rich history. From the neo-baroque elegance of the Opera House to the modern façades of retail shops, every building tells a story. Notable stops include the ornate St. Nicholas Church, and the impressive Varna Cathedral.
2. Ancient Roman Baths
Step back in time and explore one of Varna’s most fascinating archaeological sites, the Ancient Roman Baths. Discovered in the 20th century and dating back to the 1st century AD, this impressive complex originally had hot and cold baths, exercise areas, and spaces for relaxation.
As you wander through the bath ruins, you’ll see well-preserved structures with intricate mosaics and massive brick walls. One highlight is the hypocaust system, an ancient underfloor heating method a great example of the Romans' dedication to comfort and luxury.
3. Dormition of the Mother of God Cathedral
The Dormition of the Mother of God Cathedral dominates Varna’s skyline with its golden domes and neo-Byzantine design. Built between 1880 and 1886, it's an important part of Bulgaria’s artistic heritage. Intricate frescoes and bright stained-glass windows decorate its interior, creating an atmosphere of reverence and beauty.
The cathedral’s history is deeply connected to Bulgaria’s fight for independence from Ottoman rule. Over the years, it has hosted major religious ceremonies and national events, solidifying its place in the country’s story.
4. The Varna Archaeological Museum
Located in the heart of Varna, the Archaeological Museum is a treasure trove of Varnas rich history. Founded in 1888, it houses one of the largest collections of archaeological artifacts in the country, taking visitors on a journey through time, from prehistoric eras to the Middle Ages.
One of the museum's highlights is the Varna Necropolis, an ancient burial site. The museum houses gold artifacts found in the necropolis, including exquisite jewelry and ceremonial items, which are believed to be the oldest gold artifacts in the world. The artifacts highlight the advanced skills and craftmanship of the ancient Thracians.
5. Varna Aquarium
Just a short walk from the city center, the Varna Aquarium is agreat way to explore the marvels of the Black Sea. Established in 1912, this aquarium is renowned for its diverse collection of marine species.
Inside you'll discover over 150 species of fish, crustaceans, and other aquatic creatures, including the famous Black Sea mackerel and the intriguing turbot. The aquarium also has exotic tropical species.
6. Sea Garden
Varna’s Sea Garden, Primorski Park, is a vibrant celebration of the city’s maritime spirit, filled with history, art, and breathtaking views. Designed by renowned landscape architects, including the legendary Emil Cioran, this sprawling green oasis invites you to stroll among towering trees, colorful flowerbeds, and elegant fountains.
Statues and monuments dot the pathways, each one reflecting a piece of Varna’s cultural and artistic heritage. One of the highlights is Nebet Tepe, a scenic viewpoint where you can take in stunning panoramas of the Black Sea and the city below. Hidden within the park, an ancient Thracian tomb adds an unexpected touch of archaeology, blending nature with Varnas ancient history.
7. Central Beach
Central Beach is where Varna comes to life. The beach is lined with numerous bars and restaurants that cater to all tastes, from casual beach snacks to gourmet dining. As you stroll along the lively promenade, the air is filled with the alluring aroma of grilled seafood and the sound of music wafting from the nearby beach clubs.
Central Beach is a hub of activity in the summer months, with various beach sports, water activities like jet skiing and paddleboarding, and beach volleyball. This is a perfect opportunity to get out the suncream and soak up the sun with a cool drink.
8. University Botanical Garden
The University Botanical Garden & Ecopark offers a serene escape from the bustling city. Established in 1923, this beautiful garden is part of the University of Economics and serves not only as a research and educational facility but also as a peaceful retreat for visitors.
Spanning over 360 acres, the garden is home to a diverse collection of over 3,500 plant species, including rare and exotic varieties. As you stroll through the well-maintained paths, you will encounter stunning floral displays, vibrant herbaceous borders, and tranquil water features. The thematic sections of the garden are particularly striking, with plants from plenty of climatic zones and geographical regions, including Mediterranean, tropical, and subtropical environments.
3 Fascinating Attractions Outside Varna
1. Aladzha Monastery
A 25 minute drive from Varna leads to Aladzha Monastery, a medieval cave monastery hidden among lush forests and rugged cliffs. Carved directly into the rock, this centuries-old site offers a fascinating glimpse into Bulgaria’s spiritual past. Dating back to the 12th to 14th centuries, it once served as an important center for Orthodox Christianity.
The monastery is made up of several chambers where remnants of ancient frescoes still cling to the walls. The chapel, with its high altar, opens up to sweeping views of the surrounding landscape, creating a peaceful setting perfect for quiet reflection.
2. The Stone Forest
A short trip from Varna leads to the Stone Forest (Pobiti Kamani), a breathtaking natural wonder where towering stone columns rise dramatically from the earth. Scattered across more than 70 square kilometers, these limestone pillars resemble ancient ruins or the remnants of a lost civilization, creating a landscape that feels almost otherworldly.
Some of the columns stand as tall as seven meters, with unique shapes that add to the site’s mysterious charm. Scientists believe these formations date back millions of years, formed when the area was once submerged under an ancient sea. As the ocean receded, erosion shaped the pillars into the unusual structures seen today.
3. Cape Kaliakra
Cape Kaliakra is one of the most breathtaking natural attractions near Varna, famous for its dramatic cliffs and stunning vistas over the Black Sea. The cape is a nature reserve, with a unique blend of geological formations and diverse flora that create a beautiful landscape.
The location has archaeology dating back to the Thracians, who originally inhabited the region. Ancient ruins, including fortifications and remnants of medieval castles, dot the landscape.
Mysterious Legends of Varna
The Cursed Gold of Varna Necropolis – Some believe that disturbing the world's oldest gold unleashed a curse, bringing misfortune to those involved in its discovery.
The Haunted Roman Baths – Strange sounds, ghostly whispers, and shadowy figures are said to haunt the ruins of Varna’s ancient Roman Baths.
The Vanishing Monks of Aladzha Monastery – Legends tell of ghostly monks appearing at night, chanting and guarding a long-lost treasure hidden within the monastery.
Getting Around Varna
1. Public Buses – Varna has a well-connected bus network that covers the city and surrounding areas. Tickets are affordable and can be purchased directly from the driver.
2. Taxis & Ride-Sharing – Taxis are widely available, but it’s best to use reputable companies or apps like TaxiMe or Bolt to avoid overcharging.
3. Walking – The city center and main attractions, including the Sea Garden and beaches, are easily accessible on foot, making walking a great way to explore.
4. Car Rentals & Bike Rentals – Renting a car is ideal for trips outside the city, such as Cape Kaliakra, while bike rentals are perfect for a leisurely ride along the coast.
Key Facts About Varna
- Main Attractions: These include the Main Pedestrian Zone, Ancient Roman Baths, Dormition of the Mother of God Cathedral, the Archaeological Museum, and Sea Garden.
- Oldest Processed Gold: The Varna Necropolis, home to the world's oldest gold artifacts, highlights Varna’s significant role in early European civilizations.
- Mystical Natural Wonders: The Stone Forest and Cape Kaliakra near Varna offer unique geological and archaeological experiences, along with breathtaking landscapes.
- Transportation in Varna: Varna has efficient transportation options, including buses, taxis, walking, car rentals, and bike rentals for easy exploration of the city and beyond.
- Legends and Myths: Varna is rich in mysterious legends, including tales of cursed gold, haunted Roman baths, and vanishing monks at Aladzha Monastery.